The British government has already pledged to invest more than $453 million for electric vehicle infrastructure, and to support the installation of at least 11,000 charge points, but the need for these new research initiatives suggest that there will likely be some trial and error in the initial buildout process for electric vehicle inrastructure (see: Startups to Watch as UK Builds Out Roadside Charging). ETI’s research teams have 4.5 million pounds (around $6.76 million) and a little less than two years to figure it out.

More specifically, the projects will delve into three research areas: 1.) Consumer attitudes and behavior when it comes to buying and using plug-in vehicles and charging infrastructure. 2.) Impacts on electricity distribution networks, the need for smart charging systems, and future regulatory challenges related to charging infrastructure. 3.) How mass deployment of plug-in vehicles will affect the economy and carbon emissions.

IBM, which will lead the second project, explains in a release that the research initiatives are meant to result in a proposal for “an overall system architecture for integrating plug-in vehicles” that takes into account electricity networks, charging points, and payment systems, and “ensures lead times are put in place for open and interoperable architectures.”

The projects in the UK don’t offer an exact parallel for infrastructure development in the U.S., as ZDNet points out today, given England’s smaller size and different regulatory structure. But many of the questions also apply to deployment of electric vehicles in the U.S., and as the timeline for ETI’s projects suggests, the clock is ticking.

Pike Research anticipates more than a million charge points will be installed for electric vehicles by 2015. And IBM’s Allan Schurr told us in an interview last spring that he expects the “first wave of problems” for electric vehicles and grid operators to arise as early as 2011, long before plug-in vehicles make up a significant portion of the U.S. fleet, as a result of “clustering” — small numbers of vehicles concentrated in early-adopter communities or places with strong incentives — which could put extra strain on a local power network.

Image credit EVoasis

Related reports on GigaOM Pro (subscription required):

California Rules Show Opportunities in EV Charging

Get Ready for Trial and Error in the Electric Vehicle Network Buildout is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

The transition for Zenn from manufacturer to a would-be supplier for automakers and specialty vehicle companies has been months in the making. Last fall, CEO Ian Clifford told reporters the company no longer planned to sell its first highway-speed electric car, the cityZenn, and that it would “shift focus away” from its existing product, the Zenn LSV low-speed electric model.

Instead, the company said it planned to pursue Clifford’s vision of an “Intel Inside model” with EEstor, providing an electric drive system (based on the Texas startup’s ultracaps) to other companies the way Intel’s chips are used in PCs from many companies.

The changes that Zenn announced this week, along with the closure of its production facility in Saint Jerome will have an important effect for the company as it awaits the delayed delivery of EEStor’s first commercial product: cutting costs. Zenn says it will now have a “significantly” reduced “rate of spend.”

As Clifford told Toronto Star reporter Tyler Hamilton back in October, “The transformative moment is with the commercial proof.” If and when that proof arrives, then according to Clifford, “the whole tenor of the discussion changes to the excitement about the reality.”

Zenn plans to provide more details on its current status and future plans at its annual shareholder meeting on Wednesday afternoon.

Zenn Ends Vehicle Production, Lays Off Staff in EEStor Bet is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

Green Planet Bottling has introduced a 100-percent plant-based water bottle that is carbon neutral and toxin-free, compared to bottles contained both petroleum and BPA.  Green Planet water is vapor distilled for taste and purity, and the bottles are fully recyclable and compostable in 80 days.

Bottles returned to Green Planet are ground into flakes and then hydrolyzed to make new bottles.  Consumers can find Green Plant water in 16.9-ounce bottles at schools, select restaurants, corporate settings, hotels, and convenience stores. Twelve-ounce bottles are due out later this spring

Keystone Water Company also released its premium spring water in a 100-percent plant-based bottle at the Green Products Expo in New York City.  Keystone’s “re: newal” corn-based water bottles are made from from Ingeo plant polymers in partnership with NatureWorks LLC .

This plastic emits fewer greenhouse gases and uses far less energy than other plastic bottles, and Keystone’s bottles are compostable and recyclable.  The spring water has been tested across the southeastern US and Florida.

Both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola have jumped on the bio-plastic bandwagon, although neither company has 100-percent biodegradable bottle just yet. Coca-Cola introduced its PlantBottle for its Dasani water brand.  The Plantbottle is a recyclable plastic bottle made from a blend of petroleum-based materials and about 30-percent plan-based materials last spring.

The bottles are made from a process that turns sugar cane and molasses into a component of PET plastic.  Coca-Cola started used PlantBottles for all Dasani water bottles in January in the Western United States, and at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic Games.

Last March, PepsiCo introduced its Eco-Fina bottle for its Aquafina bottled water.  The Eco-Fina bottle uses 50 percent less plastic than the original Aquafina bottle introduced in 2002, and features a “rippled web” design, that, according to PepsiCo, will eliminate an estimated 75 pounds of plastic each year.

Environmental groups estimate that bottled water produces close to 1.5 million tons of plastic waste per year, most of it ending up in landfills.

Article by Julie Mitchell appearing courtesy Celsias

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New Water Bottles Entirely from Plants is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

To explore the opportunities, R. Thomas Hoffmann, Partner with Ballard Spahr, led a panel with three experts on Chinese solar investing. They were:

• Jimmy Chuang, is with GCL Solar, the largest polysilicon producer in Asia and the largest solar developer in China.  GCL has access to $4.5 billion.

• K. Scott Son, Vice President of Project Finance at Suntech, the largest producer of silicon PV in the world (nearly $2 billion in revenue in 2008).

• Sha Wang, Principal at Cybernaut Investment, a family company with US and Chinese roots and a $500 million solar investment fund.

Low Risk, Stable Returns
All three panelists agreed Chinese companies are looking for equity investments in the US, and that solar offers an attractive way to diversify their portfolios.

Sha Wang explained there is a low tolerance for risk among Chinese investors, so her company looks for fixed income-like returns of 10-20 percent. The fact that the US does not have feed-in tariff programs makes this market much more complex and difficult to predict returns compared to European investments. The speakers also stressed that they want good management teams that can execute successfully and demonstrate a good track record.

Consensus: Joint Ventures Never Work!
During the session, the panelists offered advice to potential US business partners:

• Educate investors. Chinese investors are often surprised by the complexity of the US capital markets.  K. Scott Son advised that, “developers need to vet investors and provide significant education.”  Jimmy Chuang added, “the complexity of the US market implies that the education process could take as long as a year.”

• Present low-risk deals. Chinese companies either do not have an appetite for tax write-offs, or are not eligible for US tax credits.

• Align with the company goals. Take time to understand how investors generate income and where they are going. For example, many investors are also module manufacturers; in the case of Suntech, it is looking for partners who can help them sell more panels. To achieve this goal, Suntech has a $20 million solar project development fund to facilitate partnerships.

• Learn about how capital can get out of China. China has currency control and complicated rules regulating how money leaves China.

• Be patient. Sha Wang stressed: “Patience is key. If you don’t have patience, I don’t suggest you partner with a Chinese company.”  However, K. Scott Son provided a jovial counter to the caution by adding, “unless you want to work with Suntech.”

• Concentrate on PV. Currently, Chinese companies are interested in crystalline PV.  They are less interested in — and know less about — concentrated solar power and solar thermal.

• Provide exclusivity. Pipeline exclusivity is a must.  K. Scott Son reminded the audience of a photo op with President Obama highlighting a SunPower project where the President is standing in front of Suntech panels.  “We must have exclusivity.  It would be a PR nightmare for us to invest in your company, yet you later use Trina panels in the project.”

• Don’t do a joint venture. All three panelists shook their heads and said, “joint ventures are very hard to make work.  Especially when they are 50/50.”

Find more events & conferences in the CleanTechies Events Calendar, and submit your events for free.

photo: Posh Living, LLC

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Chinese Solar Power Panel Lights Up Investment is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

While IBM mounted huge campaigns like Big Green and Smarter Planet, the computer networking giant has kept a comparatively low eco-profile. So far, Cisco’s green efforts boil down to dabbling in energy management, moving into the smart grid, cutting the energy consumption of its network hardware and reducing packaging — an odd state of affairs considering the company’s position as a prime supplier of data center–focused IT equipment.

But in recent weeks, Cisco has been demonstrating that it does indeed have a green data center strategy, even if it isn’t shouting it from the rooftops. This week’s roll out of EnergyWise 2.0 — an upgraded version of its network energy management tool — expanded its reach into a network’s nooks and crannies and opened up the platform to developers to help lay the groundwork for energy-aware networks. The company is also making a play for the containerized data-center market, centered around fast and efficient Lego-style data center builds.

I think Cisco’s on the right track, and I’ve laid out my reasoning over at GigaOM Pro (subscription required). What about you? Can Cisco catch up in this market, or are its efforts too little too late?

Green Data Centers: Does Cisco Have a Plan? is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

The small group is also holding rallies outside of Oncor’s headquarters and using social media to get the word out. Dallas Morning News reporter Elizabeth Souder reported in the newspaper’s blog Texas Energy and Environment yesterday that the group was supposed to hold a rally Thursday afternoon — as she put it: “The protesters will be the ones waving red shop flags.”

Oncor seems to have been making a variety of attempts to address the smart meter backlash. The utility has been releasing information about weekly tests in local areas, including OakCliff, Temple and Killeen.

But utilities are still trying to figure out the best way to communicate to these types of customers about transitioning to smart meters. As this IDC Energy Insight report say, utilities “have not thought through the implications of new technology and products on customer relationships or the business process.” In other words, utilities are not at all prepared for the increased amount of communication, education and interactivity that will be required from installing new smart grid technology.

The Internet will actually be the utilities’ best way to communicate with the customer. As Pedro put it on GigaOM Pro (subscription required), online social media can “let utilities steer the conversation in the months leading up to a smart meter rollout and serve as a supplement to other educational and outreach efforts.”

But only 60 percent of the utilities surveyed in the IDC report have a web site designed to serve consumers. Very few are looking at live chat, said the report. More important is email communication, and even social networks like Facebook and Twitter. Regardless of whether or not utilities increase their outreach via the Internet, clearly their customers, and those like the citizens that oppose the smart meters, will be using the Internet to reach out to the utility.

Related research on GigaOM Pro (subscription required):

Smart Meters: Time for a Customer Service Reboot

Image courtesy of juverna’s photostream Flickr Creative Commons.

It’s Come to This: Citizens Against Smart Meters is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

In recent months, protests over the severe illnesses caused by China’s heavy industries have resulted in a crackdown on polluters. Leading the charge has been the state-run media, which the central government is now using to gain control over corrupt local authorities and powerful commercial enterprises.

Last August, residents of Chongqing town in the central Chinese province of Shaanxi surrounded the town’s huge lead works, run by China’s largest lead smelting company. It was a brave act in a totalitarian country. But the people of Chongqing were angry because the town’s doctors had found that of the 731 children they checked, 615 were suffering from lead poisoning caused by pollution from the Dongling Lead and Zinc Smelting Company.

The scandal erupted after a six-year-old girl named Miao Fan complained about a stomach ache. “At first we thought she was trying to avoid school,” said her mother. “We took her to the hospital and found my daughter had got lead poisoning. I never heard of that before, and I suggested my friends nearby have their children checked too.”

In all, 166 of the children were treated in local hospitals. Each had lived near the giant smelter. After the brief protest on Aug. 3, a local newspaper reported the story on an inside page and town authorities issued a bland statement. The plant had emitted 1.11 tons of lead into the air and local watercourses in the previous year, the authorities said, but it had met all national environmental safety standards.

In the days before online news, that would probably have been the end of the matter. But reporters from the state Xinhua Online news service spotted the local item and a week later they showed up to investigate. Emboldened, the parents resumed their protest. They surrounded the smelter, tore down the wall, ransacked the offices, and destroyed machinery.

Now Xinhua had a story. Its splash on Aug. 18 was accompanied by an editorial that asked: “If pollution standards were met, how is it that people are still poisoned by lead?” Within days, the factory was closed, and the Dongling case had set off a chain reaction across the country, as more and more citizens protested against metal smelters and mines, and Chinese journalists became bolder in reporting the protests.

If this were happening in the West, it would hardly be extraordinary that a major news story had developed out of events such as those in Chongqing. But in China, this was something new, points out Qian Gang, a leading Chinese journalist who studied how the story grew for the China Media Project, a research group at the University of Hong Kong. The major Communist Party news media, such as Xinhua, are starting to report environmental stories, he says. “High-level party media have taken the lead.” Of all the Chinese media, they are proving to be “the fiercest, both in revealing the facts and in offering shrill criticism.”

Why? In the past, the party media had always supported officials and covered up any scandals or misdeeds. If anyone was going to break such a story, it would likely have been the new commercial media. But Qian Gang notes that in China today, the central authorities often use the media as a means of exerting control over wayward local authorities or powerful commercial enterprises. It is also, he says, a means of monitoring popular discontent, known as yulun jiandu, or “supervision by public opinion.”

China has become ground zero for citizen action on new health and environmental issues.

After the Sichuan earthquake in 2008, which became a turning point in reporting in China, President Hu Jintao articulated his new press policy, which demanded that party media strengthen what he called “public opinion channeling.” Chinese media are referring to this as “grabbing the microphone” — under this strategy, the authorities control commercial media tightly, while affording privileges to the central party media, including a license to pursue investigations.

Pressure following the Xinhua reports resulted in the Dongling metals plant closing and 11 local public health officials being disciplined. Authorities distributed food that can help remove lead from the body, such as laver, garlic, wulong tea, and seaweed.

As the fastest-growing economy in the world for the past two decades, China is one of the world’s most polluted nations. But it is also becoming ground zero for citizens’ action on the new health and environmental issues created by industrialization. In 2008, there was widespread public anger in China about toxins in food and consumer products. But in recent months, public attention has shifted to environmental pollution near mining and industrial workplaces. And Chinese media, headed by former party propaganda officials, are bringing the scandals to national — and sometimes international — attention.

Many of the concerns resemble those of previous eras in Europe and North America, especially the discovery of outright poisoning from heavy metals like lead, which causes symptoms ranging from abdominal pain and headaches to anemia and impaired neurological development in children. In severe cases, children can lapse into a coma and die.

To date in China, protests and media scrutiny have led to a number of factory closings. But public protests appear ready to continue as government authorities struggle to assess where risks lie and how to combat them.

Days after the Dongling story made headlines, the authorities in Hunan in southern China shut a manganese smelter near Wugang, and detained two executives, after more than 1,000 people protested when 1,300 children fell ill — again from lead poisoning. Some were losing their hair, according to press reports. The plant had been open for only 15 months. Reporters from Xinhua discovered it had been operating without the approval of the local environmental protection bureau.

Then three smelters were shut in Jiyuan city in Henan, the world’s leading center for the manufacture of the metals used in batteries. And in September, villagers blocked a major road in Fujian in eastern China. They were protesting the discovery that 121 children out of 287 tested in three communities were suffering from lead poisoning, apparently a result of pollution from the local battery factory. The factory, which only opened in 2006, suspended production.

In January, another battery factory, at Dafeng City in Jiangsu province, shut after 51 children became ill with lead poisoning. Again the factory had expanded without permission. Lead is not the only metal causing health problems. In another case that came to light in Hunan last fall, doctors diagnosed 509 inhabitants of Liuyang and Zhentou suffering from cadmium poisoning, which causes kidney and liver damage, and even cancer. Two residents had died before it was uncovered. Locals blamed the Changsha Xianghe plant, which opened in 2003 to manufacture zinc sulphate, an additive in animal feed.

Metals like lead and cadmium are increasingly recognized as health threats near Chinese mines.

The risks in Changsha were hardly unknown. In 2000, U.S. authorities had banned zinc-based fertilizer imports from China after discovering they were contaminated with cadmium. But Xinhua reported that the Changsha factory had been heedlessly discharging industrial waste containing cadmium into watercourses that villagers used to irrigate their crops.

Metals like lead, cadmium, and zinc are also increasingly recognized as environmental and health threats in Chinese mining areas. In southern Guangdong, where rivers run orange and white with contamination, Chinese journalists have dubbed some communities “cancer villages.”

One facility under attack in 2009 was the state-owned Dabaoshan mine, which discharges acidic water laced with metals such as cadmium, killing most life in the Hengshi River, a major waterway in the area. Villagers near the mine drink and irrigate their rice crops with well water contaminated with cadmium and zinc. A 2009 study by Ping Zhuang, of the South China Botanical Garden at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Guangzhou, confirmed dangerous levels of the metals in paddy soils and local food.

Adults suffer high rates of colon cancer. And Qing-Song Bao of the Department of Food Safe Supervision in Yixing reported that children downstream of the mine had high levels of lead, cadmium, and zinc in their bodies. He linked this to high rates of anxiety, depression, social problems, somatic complaints, difficulty concentrating, and delinquent and aggressive behaviour.

Faced with a crescendo of public concern, the central authorities in China two years ago launched a Pollution Source Census, demanding that the estimated 15,000 polluting factories, as well as mines and farms, come clean about their emissions, which often exceed formal license limits. The government insisted the aim was to evaluate rather than prosecute, and that legal action would only follow if companies continued the cover-up. The census results were published in February, revealing twice as much water pollution as previously recognized.

One scientist said pollution was responsible for a tenth of all birth defects in China.

The pollution census may be lifting the lid on a story bigger than anyone has yet guessed. Last year a genetics professor at Nanjing University, Hu Yali, told journalists he believed environmental pollution was responsible for a tenth of all physical defects in Chinese infants. That was especially alarming since the vice-minister in charge of China’s National Population and Family Planning Commission, Jiang Fan, had warned that birth defects had risen by 40 percent in China since 2001. She blamed emissions from mining and chemical industries and announced a new screening program for women contemplating pregnancy who lived in the eight provinces with the worst problems.

But while national authorities and media may push for reform and openness, local officials often quash protests and cover up even the worst pollution. Last summer, Chinese civil rights activists reported that Sun Xiaodi, an environmentalist in Gansu province, had been arrested along with his daughter and sent for “re-education” after exposing pollution problems at a uranium mine. Chinese law, at least in theory, protects whistleblowers who report environmental pollution. But the pair was charged instead with “providing state secrets overseas.”

And even in Chongqing, the local cliques appear to be back in charge. Local police have warned residents that there will be repercussions if they speak to the media. Some protesters have been accused of being members of the banned Falun Gong spiritual movement. Officials are even reported to have tried to discourage doctors from conducting tests for lead poisoning on new babies.

Late last month, the Dongling smelter announced that it will shortly reopen. One of the original protesters, Yang Tagu from the poisoned village of Sunjianantou, told reporters, “They want us to remain silent when the factory resumes production.” That may be so. But given the new-found activism of citizens and journalists, silence is in increasingly short supply in China today.

Author Fred Pearce is a freelance author and journalist based in the UK. He is environment consultant for “New Scientist” magazine and author of the recent books “When The Rivers Run Dry and With Speed and Violence.” His latest book is “Confessions of an Eco-Sinner: Tracking Down the Sources of My Stuff.”

Article appearing courtesy Yale Environment 360

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As China’s Pollution Toll Grows, Protesters and Media Push Back is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

Here’s what happened in Texas, as Wired and the Austin News report: A terminated employee from a car dealership called the Texas Auto Center logged into the company’s web-based system and was able to remotely wreak havoc on more than 100 vehicles. The dealership’s system is able to disable the starter system and trigger incessant horn honking for customers that have fallen behind on car payments. It’s meant to serve as an alternative to repossessing the vehicle, and the ex-Texas Auto Center employee, arrested Thursday on charges of computer intrusion, was able to set off the horn command at will and make it so drivers couldn’t start their cars.

Cars are growing ever more connected to communication networks, and upcoming generations of electric vehicles will take it a step further with connections to the power grid. Already, electric car makers have unveiled smartphone apps designed to let users to remotely control certain vehicle functions and battery charging. Down the road, we’ll likely see not only electricity flowing to cars from the grid, but also the flow of data between cars, the grid, home energy management systems, utilities and third-party service providers.

As Ford’s director of connected services Doug VanDagens told us recently (GigaOM Pro, subscription required), “For electric vehicles, connectivity to the web and data are “required over and above what gas engines require.” Apps can use data — about topography, traffic, battery and vehicle health, infrastructure availability, driving behavior — to help orient drivers in the nascent world of electric mobility, both in and out of their vehicle.

While these tools and technologies could help reduce fuel consumption, make electric vehicles more convenient, and enable utilities to prevent excess strain on the power grid as plug-in cars create new demand, that shift to an increasingly digital transportation system brings with it (as Katie has explained in the context of the smart grid buildout) one of the banes of the Internet: hacking.

The stakes, of course, are very different. Certainly nobody wants a virus on their PC. But the prospect of a hacker seizing control of some aspect of a car — a ton of metal capable of going 60-plus MPH, that costs tens of thousands of dollars, and that maybe has a battery in its belly that requires a sophisticated system of thermal controls – is a far scarier thought.

The potential consequences of cyber attacks on a digital power grid could be similarly frightening. Andy Karsner said back in 2008, when he was with the Department of Energy: “This isn’t the cyber-attacking that you think of just for passwords. This is the capacity to destroy hardware in your home, at airports, at military bases, your car, if its connected through the grid.”

We should note that remote immobilization systems like the one involved in the Austin incident have been in use for a decade or more, and yet we have not seen vehicles crippled en masse by hackers. But companies should realize this could be a sensitive issue among consumers, while both companies and regulators need to recognize risks that go along with the transition to increasingly digital and connected systems for transportation and power.

Image courtesy of Defragged’s photostream Flickr Creative Commons.

Hacking the Car: Cyber Security Risks Hit the Road is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

EDRs on the Way for Prius Investigation: Toyota currently has only one prototype electronic data recovery (EDR) reader “in use within the entire U.S., making assessment of problematic vehicles both time consuming and difficult.” The automaker plans to have 100-150 EDR readers here by the end of next month, and 400 more “as soon as they become available.” — Autoblog Green

Wrong Kind of Carbon Recycling: “The BlueNext carbon exchange on Wednesday had suspended CER [certified emissions reductions] trading after it found that ‘used’ permits had traded on its exchange, and said on Thursday that it would resume such trade on March 22, having made it ‘impossible to trade recycled CERs.’” — Reuters

Beginning of the End of the Incandescent: After 120 years in the incandescent lightbulb business, Toshiba announced this week that, “it has produced its last major run of…the electricity-guzzling light source.” — CNET’s Green Tech

Four Obstacles for Electric Bikes: Obstacles that have kept electric bikes from taking hold in North America (and in particular the Pacific Northwest) like they have in China include immature technology, bike culture (hardcore cyclists say going electric is “cheating”), closed distribution channels and safety. – Grist

Daily Sprout is a post from: Clean Energy Sector

SunPower says it brought in a net income of $8.67 million for the three months that ended Jan. 3, 2010, which was a drop from $29.5 million from the restated year earlier fourth quarter net income. Revenues for the fourth quarter of 2009 were $547 million, up from $398 million in revenues from the same period a year earlier.

It’s never good when a company has to restate past earnings. I used to cover telecom equipment company Nortel who was the king of restatements for several years. But SunPower says that thanks to accounting errors in its Philippine operations, it had to restate earnings for all of 2008 and three quarters of 2009 and ended up cutting its earnings during those quarters “by $16.9 million as it recorded an additional $33.2 million in expenses,” notes Reuters.

Finally SunPower gave a forecast for 2010 revenue of $2.0 billion to $2.25 billion and net income of $1.25 to $1.65 per share, which was under the $1.78 per share forecast by analysts. Bummer. As a result SunPower’s shares dropped 8.4 percent.

Cloudy Day for SunPower: Restates Earnings, Profit Drop, Lower Guidance is a post from: Clean Energy Sector